The interaction between disrupted sleep and skeletal muscle metabolic health is complex, with the mechanisms underpinning sleep-related disturbances on this tissue often multifaceted. Fragmented or insufficient sleep also perturbs the hormonal milieu, shifting it towards a catabolic state, resulting in reduced rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Insufficient sleep causes circadian misalignment in humans, including perturbed peripheral clocks, leading to disrupted skeletal muscle and liver metabolism, and whole-body energy homeostasis. Disturbances to sleep patterns impart widespread and adverse effects on numerous cells, tissues, and organs. There currently exists a modern epidemic of sleep loss, triggered by the changing demands of our 21st century lifestyle that embrace ‘round-the-clock’ remote working hours, access to energy-dense food, prolonged periods of inactivity, and on-line social activities.
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